At home necropsy (pics) - LONG please help!

Rabbit Talk  Forum

Help Support Rabbit Talk Forum:

This site may earn a commission from merchant affiliate links, including eBay, Amazon, and others.

Caprice_Acres

Member
Joined
May 26, 2011
Messages
23
Reaction score
0
Location
Michigan
My symptoms/problems:

A fellow rabbit raiser used to live on my property, and she bought/sold animals regularly, whearas I tend to just breed my keepers instead of buy them. She started seeing losses to bloat, and thena month or so later I was seeing the same issues. She and I would evaluate each other's litters - though never direct contact - so that's potentially how it spread. Who knows.

Kits as young as 1 week old affected by smelly diarrhea (1 week olds affected has happened only once). On these young kits, it was caked on and was dark brown, smelly. Treated with baycox and they got better (treated mom too) In that particular litter, I didn't loose a single one until the day I planned on weaning them at 6 weeks old - bloated, clear diarrhea, and lethargic so I put it and the whole litter down. Once one kit gets it, it spreads.

In older kits, bloat/sloshy cecum, rapid condition loss (bony), lethargy, no eating/drinking, death. Sometimes can get them to bounce back if I treat them with Baycox before it gets 'bad', but that gets expensive and doesn't always work if they're too far gone. Usually found dead the day after first signs noticed. The rear end is damp but NOT covered in diarrhea - clear contents of intestine with small flecks of hay/feed, not a lot though.

Cannot be correlated to 'stress' really - it can happen after they're eating solid food but before they're weaned. Or, it could be weeks after they're weaned and are seemingly doing great.

Adults and animals over 12 weeks of age are largely not affected, but I have lost one adult - she was new, so I kept her in isolation in the barn for a few weeks. After Iso period, I put her in a cage in my bunny barn, and she died about 1.5-2 weeks later. Wasn't home to monitor the progress nor did I open her up, but she did seem to have a little bit of wet hindquarters.

Treatment/prevention we've tried:

Everybody was put on corid preventative in the water. 1/3 teaspoon per gallon of water. ALL rabbits have been recieving it, every day, for over a month now.

Baycoxing them seemed to clear up individuals if caught early enough, so I assumed cocci. I had some who had diarrhea a few weeks pre-weaning, treated with baycox, they got better. I sold them, treated with baycox before they went *just in case*, though the litter was doing well. That new owner has since lost 21 rabbits (last I heard) including adults, adults on litters, growout pen kits (He has auto waterer and just threw the ones he got from me into his growout pen) etc. I now have to compensate him for his losses on top of not being able to make any sales because I don't want it to happen again. That being said, a lady who bought some from me a week after that man (but before I heard of any issues) has 3 NZ's from me that were in our dog kennel growout pen with the remainder of the litter the other man bought from me, and they're doing well. The only difference was that her NZ's were on a weeks worth of corid prevention.

I do not feed hay in my raised-floor growout pen (too messy), but do feed it in my dog kennel growout pen. Everywhere else gets hay, doesn't seem to make a difference as rabbits are affected at any time and wether there is hay or not. Does with litters and the growout pen get free choice 18% PenPals. Babies continue getting the 18% until they reach standard weight for the breed (silver fox, New Zealand). Adult bucks and non-working rabbits get 1 cup 15% pellet. High quality feed, no mould, no diet change that I can think of.

Sanitized our cages - torched, scrubbed, sanitized with a 10% ammonia solution and a strong Roccal (vet disinfectant) solution. Soaked hay feeders, j-feeders, water dishes in strong roccal solution for extended periods. This was after 2 weeks on corid prevention, with the idea being that if it's cocci, I'll have reduced the number the adults are shedding by the time I clean the environment, and therefore reduce the number future rabbits can encounter. Our cages are wood frame cages. and I would *not* call them 'filthy' conditions. They stay pretty clean IMO, because I"m sure to clean out corners very regularly.

Necropsy on 7 week old 'recently' dead bunny (still slightly warm but possibly more than an hr dead): Liver/heart normal - no signs of spots/necrosis that you'd see with tyzzer's or hepatic cocci. Liver was normal/a good color. Heart was perfectly normal. Lungs normal. Cecum was fluid filled and had hemmorrages on the outside -no blood in the cecum. Contents foul smelling. The colon was completely full of thick jelly- like mucoid enteritis in overdrive - zero fecal pellets that are still found in cases of mucoid enteritis. Hindquarters were wet with this jellylike stuff.

DSCF8179.jpg

Liver (the little spots you're seeing is feed bag dust, I did all of this on an empty feed bag)

DSCF8180.jpg

Before I cut into the colon

DSCF8181.jpg

The colon contents

DSCF8182.jpg

Hemmorrages and the extremely liquid, foul smelling cecum contents

DSCF8178.jpg

Cecum again

---------------------

I have a recently dead (keeper, of course!) bunny in my fridge. Unless one dies sooner for fresher necropsy or one is actively sick, I plan on taking something in for a necropsy soon here after the holidays. I need answers. I cannot sell anything, and our bunnies were the cash cows last year on our farm.
 
Sounds and looks like mucoid enteritis.<br /><br />__________ Mon Dec 24, 2012 4:22 pm __________<br /><br />Have you ever gotten any bunnies from her? What is family relationship between the kits that have been affected? What feed are you using?
 
Mucocid Enterititis

From Merck vet manual

Mucoid Enteropathy:
Mucoid enteropathy is a distinct diarrheal disease of rabbits, characterized by minimal inflammation, hypersecretion, and accumulation of mucus in the small and large intestines. While the etiology is unknown, it may occur concurrent with other enteric diseases. Predisposing factors include dietary changes, dietary fiber <6% or >22%, antibiotic treatments, environmental stress, and challenges with other bacteria. Clinical signs are gelatinous or mucus-covered feces, anorexia, lethargy, subnormal temperature, dehydration, rough coat, and often a bloated abdomen due to excess water in the stomach. A firm, impacted cecum may be palpable. The perineal area is often covered with mucus and feces. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and necropsy findings of gelatinous mucus in the colon. Rabbits may live for ~1 wk. Treatment is unrewarding, but intense fluid therapy, enema removal of mucus mass, antibiotics, and analgesics may be tried.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Some people recommend feeding grass hay and oats only untill it clears up.
 
Yup, I own the merck vet manual. My problems with mucoid enteritis diagnosis is that whatever this is, seems to be contagious - no antibiotics given to cause it, fiber in the diet should be adequate (16% to 19.2% crude fiber, plus MOST cages get hay)

It spreads, fast. I was under the understanding that mucoid enteritis is an individual thing, caused by other illness or poor nutrition.

I think it's a secondary effect from some pathogen, quoting the Merck:
While the etiology is unknown, it may occur concurrent with other enteric diseases. Predisposing factors include dietary changes, dietary fiber <6% or >22%, antibiotic treatments, environmental stress, and challenges with other bacteria.

Treatment options? Would you try an antibiotic? What would you do.<br /><br />__________ Mon Dec 24, 2012 5:33 pm __________<br /><br />
skysthelimit":866lc9f5 said:
Sounds and looks like mucoid enteritis.

__________ Mon Dec 24, 2012 4:22 pm __________

Have you ever gotten any bunnies from her? What is family relationship between the kits that have been affected? What feed are you using?

They can be littermates, live in cages next door and be affected. Doesn't spread unless the animals are exposed directly to affected animals or directly to infected cages. Breed/family doesn't matter - I raise 2 different breeds. I raise NZ's and Silver Fox.

I have gotten rabbits from her. We have used each other bucks. I was NOT getting anything kit-wise from her after her losses started. Haven't since before her losses started, but as I said we handle each others rabbits here and there. And, we both showed. WE often traveled to shows together.
 
Mucoid enteritis can be genetic. I had kits die from the same doe frequently, or at least get sick before I figured out how to save them. Since culling that doe, I have not had any problems. It can also be caused by some outside influence, food, mold in the hay, some other factors. Anything that may cause an imbalance of the bacteria in the gut.
 
having dealt with all sorts of entropathic illness the most important thing I learned was let it go through your herd. keep back ONLY rabbits that don't show signs of it. So you have one kit in a litter of seven that does NOT get it. Keep that kit.

A doe that has ill kits, breed her to a different buck and see if that cross produces genetically healthy kits.

Once you figure out the does and you stop getting it frequently...then you need to start watching your bucks. See which ones pass healthy offspring and which ones don't.

It should take about two/three litters to wean out the producers of poor immune systems.

This is of course assuming
1. GOOD feed.
2. no predisposing issues such as weather changes.

Even though I have for the most part removed entropathic issues from my herd (as well as nestbox eye). Prolonged weather changes still bring out the hiding poor immune systems. I used to get down in the dumps about it until I said HEY.. this is making my herd stronger and that's not a bad thing. It bites terribly to lose kits, and to think you have an unhealthy herd.

BUT it helps if you take the long term view.

Somehow your herd got infected by an entropathic illness.
1. could be your friends herd.
2. could be your hay.
3. could be wind borne.
4. could be a whole variety of things.

But NOW you have to breed up your herd to be able to handle it. To help your rabbits fight past it. It makes them stronger for the next illness that comes around.
 
Keeping the survivors is my only option - though if they're affected and live through it, they're stunty. I don't want stunty breeding stock. Nor do I want to sell it. And I worry about carriers to the exposed ones that seem to be doing well - Am I still unknowingly making my problem worse by keeping them or selling them?

I really don't think it's terribly genetic - it affects near to all kits once exposed, doesn't matter the history or breeding behind them. I believe all rabbits that I've bred since this started have produced affected individuals, at this point, as well as survivors. Obviously the Jr stock hasn't been bred yet, so those haven't produced any affected offspring. Of the survivors, I can't trace it back to certain bucks/does that 'throw' healthier stuff - it matters more what they're exposed to (infected cages, infected cagemates). I can move does around and all it does is either expose the does to the contaminated cages and then they raise a litter that is affected. Infection seems to spread between cages, probably on the wood that goes under the divider that supports the floor.

Letting it 'run through' is also about my only option. Until I get so tired of losses to a point where I just put everything down and start fresh when I make my new rabbitry. If I do that, I'll just start over with NZ's, because it just bothers me so much more to loose SF's. If I had NZ's, I honestly wouldn't be as attached. :(

I can't afford to let this go on too long. As I said, these guys are not just a hobby they're meat rabbits and a profit oriented venture, as well as to produce quality healthy stock for breeding stock sales and showing. I cannot risk showing when I might spread it elsewhere, I cannot sell anything for meat breeding OR for show breeding stock for risk of selling diseased stuff. I'll have stuff that I think is just the picture of health, then suddenly they'll start showing signs and I have to call everybody on the wait list and tell them no sales. I've lost tons of sales now. This has gone on intermittently for MONTHS now - sometimes I'll wean a group and they'll stay perfectly healthy till butcher/sale. First affected kits I owned were this summer sometime - started in my friends' herd springtime or so.
 
what you need to do then is to take a rabbit (preferrably one just dead or drive down one that is still living) so that a lab can do a full work up on your herd.

They'll be able to tell you what's going on.

Worth the money for you to do this.

Pam over at the Meatrabbits board knows where to send them.
 
That's what I'm thinking, too. I work at DCPAH, which is MSU's diagnostic center. Necropsy is 120.00 for livestock (lets hope I can convince them that these rabbits are NOT companions because those are 170.00), but that includes all parasitology, virology, bacteriology, histology the pathologist thinks is necessary. And since I work there, I might be able to talk to the pathologist or watch. :)
 
I think from here on , if it is possible to have a closed herd . I am that now. I dont allow anyone near my rabbits that has rabbits ..Things can go down hill so fast. I am sorry that this is happening to you. I am watching this thread as i am learning from this also.
 
This sounds more like Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy than just weaning enteritis....lots of discussion of this, as they have yet to isolate a cause. However, if you Google this term, you will come up with a lot of information. Most of it is scientific articles, but they may be of some help to you. Evidently, they are looking at Clostridium and E.Coli as possible causative agents. Have you tried using a lower protein % feed for your weanlings and also supplementing with some kind of probiotic at weaning?
 
OneAcreFarm":26nl0vkk said:
This sounds more like Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy than just weaning enteritis....lots of discussion of this, as they have yet to isolate a cause. However, if you Google this term, you will come up with a lot of information. Most of it is scientific articles, but they may be of some help to you. Evidently, they are looking at Clostridium and E.Coli as possible causative agents. Have you tried using a lower protein % feed for your weanlings and also supplementing with some kind of probiotic at weaning?

I was under the impression that ERE had different lesions, and only had diarrhea intermittently... These guys one of the FIRST signs that all deaths have is diarrhea. Have not tried lower protein - these are meat buns, I'd prefer to grow them out on 18%. As for a probiotic - no I have not done that either. It doesn't seem to be more prevalent at weaning - it often happens in the weeks before or after, as well as at weaning.

Dropped off a SF kit for necropsy this AM. 7 weeks old, died Xmas morning - set me back 200.00. But if i can sell 4 Silver Fox kits once everybody is healthy, I'll pay that back real quick. :)
 
Glad you're getting the workup done, as it will be very much worth it. I'm interested to see the results, too.

It wouldn't really be the stunted ones who had survived the illness that you would want to keep, though you could, if they weren't stunted.

It would be those you know were exposed, but never got sick at all. Those are the ones with stronger immune systems, and they'll be able to pass those genes on.

There might still be some risk that once purchased and taken to other homes, the other rabbits of the new owner might be exposed, and lack the resistance. That is true of any rabbit, though. You can have no sickness at all in your rabbitry, send a rabbit off with someone else, and something you had no idea your rabbits carried could cause trouble in the other rabbitry. That is a risk that the buyer takes, when purchasing any new livestock from anyone.
 
Plates were set up for Bactiriology yesterday - looks like a coliform (E. coli probably) as well as possibly some clostridium on the aerobic plate... we also did an anaerobic culture which should show any clostridium better than the aerobic plate.

Also sent feces to parasitology, haven't heard anything about that yet.

I love that I work in Bacteriology, the bench workers came and found me to tell me who has my plates, and what they look like.

The Clostridium may be a commensal organism, but the E. coli should NOT be there.
 
Caprice_Acres":2r0l6drt said:
OneAcreFarm":2r0l6drt said:
This sounds more like Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy than just weaning enteritis....lots of discussion of this, as they have yet to isolate a cause. However, if you Google this term, you will come up with a lot of information. Most of it is scientific articles, but they may be of some help to you. Evidently, they are looking at Clostridium and E.Coli as possible causative agents. Have you tried using a lower protein % feed for your weanlings and also supplementing with some kind of probiotic at weaning?

I was under the impression that ERE had different lesions, and only had diarrhea intermittently... These guys one of the FIRST signs that all deaths have is diarrhea. Have not tried lower protein - these are meat buns, I'd prefer to grow them out on 18%. As for a probiotic - no I have not done that either. It doesn't seem to be more prevalent at weaning - it often happens in the weeks before or after, as well as at weaning.

Dropped off a SF kit for necropsy this AM. 7 weeks old, died Xmas morning - set me back 200.00. But if i can sell 4 Silver Fox kits once everybody is healthy, I'll pay that back real quick. :)

One thing I noticed with mine, is that they just do better on 16% when they are being weaned....not sure why, but they grew better and had less GI issues. Why don't you try it with a single litter and see what happens? I give all my kits ProBios paste twice a day for two days when I wean them. I have had ZERO weaning enteritis since I started this regimen and the lower protein.<br /><br />__________ Thu Dec 27, 2012 9:51 am __________<br /><br />
Caprice_Acres":2r0l6drt said:
Plates were set up for Bactiriology yesterday - looks like a coliform (E. coli probably) as well as possibly some clostridium on the aerobic plate... we also did an anaerobic culture which should show any clostridium better than the aerobic plate.

Also sent feces to parasitology, haven't heard anything about that yet.

I love that I work in Bacteriology, the bench workers came and found me to tell me who has my plates, and what they look like.

The Clostridium may be a commensal organism, but the E. coli should NOT be there.

That sounds like what I was referring to that I read about ERE....
 
OneAcreFarm":5jruk20v said:
One thing I noticed with mine, is that they just do better on 16% when they are being weaned....not sure why, but they grew better and had less GI issues. Why don't you try it with a single litter and see what happens? I give all my kits ProBios paste twice a day for two days when I wean them. I have had ZERO weaning enteritis since I started this regimen and the lower protein.

What is ProBios, where do I get it, and what is the cost? We already feed 16%. Enteritis has been a problem for us. Maybe this is one more thing to add to our program.
 
TerriG":35nnj6zg said:
What is ProBios, where do I get it

Probiotics- it contains bacteria that is beneficial to the flora of the gut. You can buy it at any Feed or Pet store. Get a product made for livestock as opposed to one made for dogs or cats. I think the tube of paste was around $7.
 
Everything you are showing and saying indicates mucoid enteritis. While it is sometimes brought on by weaning stress, it is a "symptomatic" diagnosis not necessarily a specific disease. I would guess that you do have a rampant infection vector of some kind. While it is certainly not the time of year one would want to do it. I think you need to completely disinfect your entire rabbitry. Then you need to treat the does with some kind of antibiotic series, because the are likely carrying the disease. If you are raising in a colony, or any part of your cages are wood, you will likely not be able to disinfect the premise adequately. There is almost no way to disinfect wood that comes into contact with rabbits.

If you do not eliminate "hiding places" for whatever kind of germs are causing the problem, then a medication cure will only be temporary. Also, if you have a rodent problem, you need to eliminate it the best you can.

I am not saying that you have wood framed cages, or rodents, or that your husbandry is poor in any way, only saying that now you have the disease problem, those are possible vectors that will keep it around.
 
avdpas77":27tt4vkq said:
Everything you are showing and saying indicates mucoid enteritis. While it is sometimes brought on by weaning stress, it is a "symptomatic" diagnosis not necessarily a specific disease. I would guess that you do have a rampant infection vector of some kind. While it is certainly not the time of year one would want to do it. I think you need to completely disinfect your entire rabbitry. Then you need to treat the does with some kind of antibiotic series, because the are likely carrying the disease. If you are raising in a colony, or any part of your cages are wood, you will likely not be able to disinfect the premise adequately. There is almost no way to disinfect wood that comes into contact with rabbits.

If you do not eliminate "hiding places" for whatever kind of germs are causing the problem, then a medication cure will only be temporary. Also, if you have a rodent problem, you need to eliminate it the best you can.

I am not saying that you have wood framed cages, or rodents, or that your husbandry is poor in any way, only saying that now you have the disease problem, those are possible vectors that will keep it around.

Yes, that is excellent advice that Avdpas77 is giving...a thorough disinfection is definitely in order. Once the cultures and stuff come back, it would be worth treating your entire breeding herd with bacteria specific ABX to hopefully get rid of the problem in the animals, and the disinfection will get rid of any lingering hiding spaces for the bacteria in the environment.<br /><br />__________ Thu Dec 27, 2012 10:38 am __________<br /><br />
TerriG":27tt4vkq said:
OneAcreFarm":27tt4vkq said:
One thing I noticed with mine, is that they just do better on 16% when they are being weaned....not sure why, but they grew better and had less GI issues. Why don't you try it with a single litter and see what happens? I give all my kits ProBios paste twice a day for two days when I wean them. I have had ZERO weaning enteritis since I started this regimen and the lower protein.

What is ProBios, where do I get it, and what is the cost? We already feed 16%. Enteritis has been a problem for us. Maybe this is one more thing to add to our program.

ProBios is a probiotic paste, you can get it at Tractor Supply and other places with horse supplies. BeneBac is another brand of a similar product. They both come in paste and in powder that you can add to their water.
 
Back
Top